Derna University Journal of Humanities and Social sciences
A Peer-Reviewed, Open-Access Scientific Journal The journal specializes in publishing scholarly work in the fields of humanities and social sciences, including the disciplines of management and economics, English language, education and psychology, sociology, geography, law, media, and Arabic language. It is issued by the University of Derna with two issues annually and holds the legal deposit number (37/2023) at the National Library in Benghazi, in addition to the International Standard Serial Number ISSN: 2959-6483. The journal has received an Arab Impact Factor of 0.84, is accredited by the Publications Authority of the Ministry of Culture and Knowledge Development, and is an official member of Crossref, where its published research articles are assigned Digital Object Identifiers (DOI).
اتجاهات المعلمين نحو دمج الطلبة من الفئات الخاصة في مدارس التعليم العام بمدينتي البيضاء وشحات
The purpose of research is to identify teaching's staff attitudes toward the inclusion of special needs students in using&nbsp; a sample of (80) teachers in&nbsp; school district in Albyda and Shhat cities. The researchers used the scale of Attitudes toward the disabilities in schools. Data collection&nbsp; and&nbsp; statistical analysis&nbsp; of the first objective using a one-sample t-test revealed that the mean scores&nbsp; of&nbsp; sample was lower than the hypothesized mean, which indicates a decrease and negative attitudes of male and female teachers towards the integration of students with disabilities in public schools. The results related to the second objective and analysis of the t-test for two independent samples indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in attitudes toward integration. The results of the one-way analysis of variance for the data of the third objective resulted in no statistically significant differences between members of the sample with little, medium, and long experience in attitudes toward integration. The study concluded several implications and recommendations in the field of education for people with disabilities.
The Ideological Effect in Rendering Political Texts During the Arab Spring
This research regards translation as a form of textual reworking, acknowledging the translator as a writer who adjusts and alters the original text based on their own ideologies, political views, or general interests. Its objective is to investigate whether the translator's ideological standpoint influences their translation and to reveal the subtle ideological impact embedded in news discourse on political occurrences. The study explores the interplay among various texts concerning ideology, media, political discourse, language, and translation, drawing illustrative instances from political discourse surrounding the Arab Spring. Employing Critical Discourse Analysis as a theoretical framework, it examines whether concealed ideologies persist even within news texts intended solely for public information. The methodology employed examines and scrutinizes parallel texts translated from English to Arabic and vice versa to determine if there are any ideological shifts on the translator's part. Findings indicate that translators incorporate expressions and terms in their translations that align with the ideological background of the target language audience, suggesting that translators should maintain neutrality when handling news reports.
القدرات الإدراكية الحس حركية للأطفال الناجين من الطوفان الناتج من إعصار دانيال بمدينة درنة
This study aims to identify the cognitive, sensory, and motor abilities the of 16 children from Libyan city of Derna. The participants were 9 males and 8 females of children who survived the flood that happened last year in Derna. The researchers used the sensorimotor cognitive abilities scale for kindergarten children prepared by the De Bono Center for Teaching Thinking. The study adopted a descriptive approach. The results were analyzed using statistical tests, including the t-test for one sample and the Mann-Whitney test for two independent non-parametric sample samples. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in the average sensorimotor cognitive abilities at a significance level of 0.05 in favor of the hypothetical scale average, which is equal to 37.5. In contrast, the sample average was equal to 19. There were differences in favor of males in visual perception and sensorimotor perception (recognizing body parts). There was also a distinction between body parts, moving balance, and auditory perception. On the other hand, there were differences in favor of females in total and partial perception.
Analyzing the Content of Arabic Language Text Books for the First Cycle in the United Arab Emirates in the Light of Visual Thinking Skills
Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the content of Arabic Language Textbooks for the first cycle in the United Arab Emirates in the light of visual thinking skills Method: The current study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, it has the study sample consisted of the Arabic language books for (first, second, third, and fourth).Which was decided to be taught in the third semester of the academic year 2021/2022, and the number is six books. To achieve this, a content analysis tool was prepared consisting of (22) sub-skills distributed over five main skills, namely: visual reading skills, analysis skills, linking and relationship skills, perception and interpretation skills, and extracting meanings skills. Results: The Arabic language book for the first cycle included visual thinking skills combined reached(956) recurrences, and the first grade came in first place in terms of the degree of inclusion of visual thinking skills with a number of (292) recurrences, and at a rate of(30.5%), The Arabic language book for the third grade was followed by a number of(252) recurrences, and a rate of (26.4%) , while the Arabic Language Textbooks for the second grade came in third place with a number of(242) recurrences, and a rate of(25.3%). While the Arabic language book for the fourth grade came in the last place with a number of (170) recurrences, and a rate of (17.8%)..
E-Banking tools and Their impact on the quality of banking services: A case study of Al-Nouran Bank in Tripoli
The study aims to identify the impact of electronic banking tools on the quality of banking services from the point of view of the employees of Al-Nouran Bank in Tripoli, Libya, who numbered (136) employees, and the sample size was determined by (103) employees. It was selected by simple random sampling. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study followed a case study approach, and used the questionnaire to collect data, and the study concluded many results, the most important of which are: The existence of a statistically significant material impact of (electronic bank cards, electronic clearing, mobile banking), on the quality of banking services Finally, the study presented a set of recommendations hoped to be followed to enhance the quality of banking services through the role played by electronic banking tools at Al-Nouran Bank under study.
قياس العلاقة بين أسعار النفط والنمو الاقتصادي في ليبيا
This research aims to study the impact of fluctuations in global oil prices on Libyan economic growth rates during the period from 1976-2023 AD, and in order to reach results that serve the desired goal, a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR Vector Autoregressive Model) was used, and one of the most important results that It was found that there is a direct relationship between oil prices and GDP, as well as a one-way causal relationship from LNOIP to LGDP.
أثر الضغوط الداخلية على أداء فاحصي الضرائب دراسة تطبيقية على ضرائب طرابلس
This study aims to identify the impact of internal job stress on the performance of tax examiners. The descriptive approach was followed. Tax examiners in the tax administrations in Tripoli were taken as the study population, which amounted to 180 participants, and a simple random sample of 123 individuals was selected. The study found that the level of internal stress and job performance were both high. It also revealed a statistically significant impact of internal stress on the level of job performance. The study recommended the necessity of making efforts to reduce work pressures within tax administrations faced by tax examiners to enhance their job performance.
This research examines the Libyan judiciary's diligence to cases involving missing persons. While there are multiple sources governing the rules regarding missing persons in Libyan legislation, this study focuses on the rulings issued by the Libyan judiciary and the interpretations made in cases of disappearance and the consequences of such judgments. The research concludes that the judicial rulings which have declared missing persons as legally deceased have overlooked the issue of a woman's waiting period (iddah), despite it being a matter of public order. Moreover, the juristic foundation for the period within which a judge may rule a missing person as legally dead is originally an issue of independent reasoning (diligence), and there is no impediment to reconsidering and potentially shortening this period in contrast to previous rulings, especially given that what occurred in Derna was unprecedented during the times of the founding scholars of the Islamic schools of thought. Therefore, their rulings and interpretations were not based on similar incidents. Furthermore, the judicial interpretations in determining the period have not deviated from the durations established by the four Sunni schools of thought, even though the Libyan legislator has expanded and opened up to all four Sunni schools and others. It would have been preferable to interpret these issues in line with the legislative approach adopted by the Libyan legislator. The research recommends that the House of Representatives intervene by adding a legislative provision that makes the Public Prosecution a main party in all personal status cases, as a solution to the current issues, and in line with some Arab legislations that have already established this in their personal status laws.
التداعيات الاجتماعية والنفسية و الاقتصادية لإعصار دنيال على الأسرة النازحة: دراسة اجتماعية لعينة من الأسر الدرناوية
The study aims to understand the social, psychological, and economic implications of Hurricane Daniel on displaced families from Derna to Benghazi, some of which have returned to Derna, and those that have moved to other areas within Derna. The study also explores the problems these families have faced, the challenges they encountered, and proposes some suggestions that decision-makers can benefit from. A random sample was selected from the records of affected Derna families held by the Ministry of Social Affairs in Benghazi. The study followed the descriptive approach, which is considered the most suitable method at present. Telephone interviews were conducted with the sample individuals, and the study reached several conclusions. One of them is that most families suffered from post-traumatic symptoms to varying degrees. Children were exposed to nightmares, disturbing dreams, and depression due to the loss of some family members, relatives, friends, and neighbors.
أسباب الطلاق وتداعياته " دراسة وصفية تحليلية لواقع حالات الطلاق بمدينة البيضاء بليبيا"
The study addresses the issue of divorce in Libyan society by examining its prevalence, increasing scope, and accelerating rate. The collected data and indicators clearly point to this phenomenon. The focus on divorce is not merely because it is a problem in itself, but due to its significant consequences, including family disintegration, juvenile delinquency, increased hostility and resentment, child displacement, and economic hardship due to the absence of a genuine family provider. These social, economic, and psychological impacts have substantial effects on society, particularly on families and individuals. Our study, focusing on Libyan society, is not an exception among nations facing this phenomenon. This is evident from quick observations, previous studies, public discourse, and the crises and disturbances following the 2011 popular uprising. The city of Al-Bayda is the study's unit of analysis, with the research team conducting repeated field visits to gather data and statistics on the phenomenon. Using a structured methodology, specifically surveys, the study identified the main causes and major consequences of divorce. In conclusion, the study offers a set of solutions aimed at encouraging officials and policymakers to consider and find resolutions.
Structural Equation Modeling of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Adults Affected by Hurricane Daniel in Derna City
This study aims to examine the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The scale was administered to a sample of 381 adults affected by the Daniel disaster in the city of Derna. The researchers used confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS v.23 and SPSS v.22 programs. The results indicated that the unidimensional model has better fit indices compared to the two-factor model, and both models demonstrated high reliability and validity.
Oil price fluctuations and stagflation in Libya
The main aim of this study is to investigate the nature of relationship between oil price fluctuations and stagflation in the Libyan economy during the period 1971-2020. In order to achieve its objective, the study utilized HI, PO, EG cointegration tests. In addition, it used TY causality test. The main finding of the study indicated a negative long run impact of oil price on stagflation in Libya.
أثر جودة الخدمات التعليمية في التحول الرقمي بكلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية بجامعة مصراتة من وجهة نظر الطلبة
The research aimed to identify the impact of the quality of educational services on digital transformation at the University of Misrata from the point of view of students of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science, and data was collected through a questionnaire form. The research sample consisted of 235 individuals. The research concluded that the level of quality of educational services at the Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Misurata, is average. The dimensions of the quality of educational services were all at an average level, and the level of digital transformation was weak. The results of the research showed that the quality Educational services are positively and morally affected by digital transformation, and the research recommends improving the physical environment of the college, supporting digital transformation initiatives through the use of technology in the educational process, and providing electronic platforms for students, to raise the quality of educational services.
دراسة وتحليل العلاقة بين الإنفاق التنموي وإيرادات القطاع غير النفطي والنمو الاقتصادي للقطاع غير النفطي في ليبيا خلال الفترة (2000-2019)
This study aims to analyze the relationship between developmental expenditure and non-oil revenues, between developmental expenditure and non-oil GDP, and between non-oil revenues and non-oil GDP by using a semi-annual data during the period 2000-2019. The study employs descriptive analysis of the reality of the established variables and their development during the study period. Standard analysis is also employed the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model) to test the relationship between these variables in the short and long term. The study concluded that developmental expenditure did not represent a large percentage of the volume of public expenditures, non-oil revenues were small, and non-oil GDP was modest during the study period. By conducting the ARDL test, the study concluded that there is non-significant, relationship directing between developmental expenditure and non-oil GDP. The results also concluded that there is a mutual positive significant long-term relationship between developmental expenditure and non-oil revenues. In addition, there is no relationship between non-oil revenues and non-oil GDP. Based on these results, the study reached a number of recommendations that would support and increase both the quantity and quality of developmental expenditure and non-oil revenues to enhance and increase the volume of economic growth in the non-oil sector.
Tracking the effect of rain on climatic drought in Tobruk station: For the period 1985-2014
This study aims to determine the dry and wet periods for the rain data series at Tobruk station in northeastern Libya. Climatic drought indices were used that depend on the precipitation; Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the Deciles method of (Gibbs and Maher), the Percent Normal Precipitation, and the Drought Severity index. The results are that the dry years amounted to 53.3%, and the longest was the period between 1999-2004. The year 1999 was the driest year, and the percentage of wet years reached 46.7% of the monitoring period. The results showed that there is a successive series of wet years followed by dry years, as in the extended period. Between 2005-2013. this indicates the semi-arid climate in Tobruk area.
The availability of the elements for implementing the internal control system to reduce the phenomenon of money laundering
This study aimed primarily to identify the availability of the components of applying the internal control system to reduce the phenomenon of money laundering in the five Islamic Bank and Zliten branches. To achieve the purposes of the study, the descriptive and analytical approach was used by studying a sample of Islamic banks. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: The five branches of the Islamic Bank and Zliten have the capabilities to implement a good internal control system, which in turn contributes to reducing the phenomenon of money laundering, Likewise, the three dimensions under study received high practice in terms of the availability of an organizational structure, a sound accounting system, and also the availability of an efficient internal audit apparatus as components of the internal control system to reduce the phenomenon of money laundering. The study presented several recommendations, including: obliging branches affiliated with the main administration to work according to a clear organizational structure that does not There is any difficulty in understanding the method of work, and the necessity of providing self-control over the departments through the organizational structure to achieve the greatest degree of accuracy and reduce the oversight effort, and to ensure the presence of a set of accounting books and records to perform daily work in accordance with generally accepted assumptions and principles.
Problems facing students of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Derna, Al-Qubba Branch
The study aimed to identify the academic, social and psychological problems facing the students of the Faculty of Arts, University of Derna, and to know the order of these problems and their relationship to variables: gender, age, scientific specialization, and the academic stage. The descriptive approach was used on a sample consisting of (181) Male and female students from the departments of the Faculty of Arts, Al-Qubba University branch, were chosen using the random sample method, and they relied on the Al-Shammari questionnaire (2013). The results concluded that the study sample students suffer from several problems they face during their studies at the university level, and the order of these problems came in the first place, social problems, followed by academic problems, and finally psychological problems. As it was found that females were more likely than males to get problems during their undergraduate studies. Also, differences were found in favor of the specialization variable, as most of the problems were in the Department of Arabic Language and the least in the Department of Psychology, while it was found that there were no differences in favor of the variables of age and stage of study.
المعوقات التسويقية والتصديرية للمحاصيل الزراعية في بلدية الجميل بليبيا
يهدف هذا البحث التعرف على أهم المعوقات التسويقية والتصديرية للمحاصيل الزراعية في بلدية الجميل بليبيا، حيث أشارت نتائج البحث أن المزارعين يواجهون مجموعة من المشاكل والمعوقات والتي تم ترتيبها وفقا لأهميتها النسبية والمتوسطات. لقد بينت الدراسة الميدانية أن أكثر مشاكل الداخلية كانت ضعف التعبئة والتغليف ووصف المنتج وعدم الإلمام بالقوانين الأنظمة التصديرية. أما أكثر المشاكل الخارجية التي تواجه الشركات والمنتجين الزراعيين هي مشكلة الاستقرار السياسي والاقتصادي وتقلبات أسعار العملات الأجنبية. كما اتضح أن دعم المشاركة للمزارعين في المعارض الدولية والمحلية والتواصل مع مركز تنمية الصادرات الليبية وتوفير المعلومات عن الأسواق الخارجية تساهم في تسويق وتصدير الإنتاج الزراعي. ولقد توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها دعم المشروعات المتوسطة والصغرى المتخصصة في مجال التعبئة والتغليف، إقامة الدورات التدريبية وورش العمل للمنتجين الزراعيين وأصحاب شركات التصدير.
The feasibility of using the global network platform data registry in climate studies in Libya (POWER) platform model.
This study was based on two hypotheses. The first: There is a strong relationship between monthly average temperature records and the moon’s measurements. The platform relies on recording the thermal spectrum emanating from the Earth, so the scope for error in the measurement is weak. As for the second hypothesis: It states that there is a relationship between rain records at weather monitoring stations and the platform’s estimates. It may be strong in the winter months on the coast in particular, and the relationship weakens by moving in one place towards the hot season on the one hand and by moving spatially inland towards the desert on the other hand. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a direct and statistically significant relationship with a high confidence of up to 99% in most months between the monthly average temperatures of meteorological stations and POWER data. This means that the platform’s data can be used to compensate for the loss of meteorological station data when these stations stop working, and in places where meteorological stations are not available, its data can also be used with confidence regarding monthly average temperatures. The analysis also demonstrated that there is a direct and statistically significant relationship with great confidence of up to 99% in the months of the winter rainy season, especially on the coast, and this relationship gradually weakens as one moves away from the coast and moves toward the hot summer season.
معوقات استخدام منهج البحث النوعي في بحوث طلبة الدراسات العليا بقسم إدارة الأعمال بكلية الاقتصاد جامعة بنغازي
The study aims to explore the obstacles to using a qualitative research approach in the research of postgraduate students at the Department of Business Administration at the Faculty of Economics, University of Benghazi, and ways to overcome these obstacles from the point of view of postgraduate students and faculty members. A qualitative research approach was used to achieve the research aim and objectives, and the interview was the main tool of the study. 15 interviews were conducted with postgraduate students, and 8 interviews were conducted with faculty members. The total sample of the study was 23 interviews. The study revealed that obstacles to using a qualitative research approach were represented in the following obstacles: scientific obstacles, training skills, psychological obstacles, obstacles related to the characteristics of the qualitative research approach, social obstacles, and organizational and administrational obstacles.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Efficiency of Participatory Finance in Islamic Banks
This study aims to the role of artificial intelligence on efficiency of participatory finance in Islamic banks. Artificial intelligence represents one of the latest innovations in technology, heralding the future of business, learning, and economics. It is essential to explore its role in enhancing Islamic finance methods, focusing on potential benefits and associated challenges. The study addresses the question of how artificial intelligence affects participatory finance, elucidating its concept, characteristics, applications, and highlighting the concept of participatory finance in Islamic banks along with its methods and implementation mechanisms. Employing a descriptive and exploratory approach, the study reviews published research and electronic sources. Findings indicate that artificial intelligence technologies can fundamentally improve the efficiency of participatory finance in Islamic banks by enhancing financial predictions, operational efficiency, transparency, accountability, and customer experience. However, addressing challenges related to the adoption of these technologies while ensuring compliance with Islamic principles is crucial. The study concludes by recommending that Islamic banks adopt best technological practices to achieve substantial improvements in their financial operations.
القيادة الأخلاقية وعلاقتها بالتمكين النفسي للعاملين دراسة ميدانية لآراء عينة من العاملين بالشركة العامة للكهرباء مكتب تراغن
The study aims to demonstrate the relationship between ethical leadership and psychological empowerment of employees in the office of the General Electricity Company in Traghen. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach in presenting and analyzing information. In order to achieve the goal of the study, a questionnaire was developed to collect data from the study sample, which included workers in the office of the General Electricity Company in the city of Traghen, which Their number was (149) respondents. The study concluded that there is a direct correlation between ethical leadership and psychological empowerment in the General Electricity Company. The study recommends the necessity of paying attention to the ethical leadership variable as a basic variable for achieving empowerment. Psychological for employees.
مستوى توفر أبعاد اليقظة الاستراتيجية وعلاقتها بمدى تحديد التوجه الريادي للمصارف التجارية
The study aims to investigate the availability of strategic Vigilance dimensions and their relationship with entrepreneurial orientation of the National Commercial Bank from the perspective of managers working in the General Administration- Al-Bayda, Libya. To achieve this, a descriptive approach was utilized, and questionnaires were distributed to a sample of (86) individuals, selected through proportional stratified random sampling. Valid questionnaires for statistical analysis amounted to )75(, yielding several key findings; Study results indicate that the availability level of strategic Vigilance dimensions was high, the study revealed that the availability level of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions was high. Results indicated a significant relationship between competitive Vigilance, marketing Vigilance and environmental Vigilance with entrepreneurial orientation, while no significant relationship was confirmed between technical Vigilance and entrepreneurial orientation. The study provided several recommendations, including; General management of the bank should prioritize strategic Vigilance across its dimensions, considering it as a strategic approach enhancing the bank's position, competitiveness, problem-solving ability, and adaptability to environmental changes. Particularly, competitive Vigilance dimension should be emphasized due to its strong association with entrepreneurial orientation.
Phenomenology or the philosophy of phenomena between acceptance and response
The study aims to demonstrate that phenomenology is a philosophy based on a strict philosophical approach through which we can find an explanation for various cognitive issues, and that this philosophy can provide a new outlook on human life, and this outlook is built on cultural and ethical foundations that express the human spirit, which is considered the ultimate emblem of philosophy. Contemporary. In this research, the critical approach was used by presenting the foundations upon which the opinions of those who accepted and those who rejected were based, in addition to the approach of weighting between opinions, and the approach of review and scrutiny. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the philosophy of phenomenology is a stable and progressing philosophy She progressed in her research, and reserved for herself a place recorded in her name in the history of philosophical thought. She also did not stop at the usual ideas, but rather extended to values, so she addressed them and presented a theory that linked the individual and the group
مدى توافر الخصائص النوعية الأساسية في المعلومات المحاسبية في ظل ممارسات نظام تخطيط موارد المنشأةERP (دراسة ميدانية على للشركة الأهلية للإسمنت المساهمة)
The study aimed to identify the availability of basic qualitative characteristics in the company's accounting information in light of the practices of the enterprise resource planning system, To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was relied upon, The researcher used the questionnaire tool to collect the opinions of the study community, which is represented by those working in financial management and internal audit in the general administration of the National Cement Joint Stock Company and its affiliated factories in the city of Al-Khoms and Zliten, (Labada Cement Factory, Al-Marqab Cement Factory, Zliten Cement Factory), They number (75) individuals, Due to the small size of the study population, A comprehensive survey method was adopted, The researcher distributed (75) questionnaire forms and retrieved (72) questionnaires suitable for analysis, with a percentage of (96%), After statistical analysis, several results were reached, the most important of which is: In light of the practices of the enterprise resource planning system (ERP), the appropriateness characteristic is available in the accounting information of the company under study, In light of the practices of the enterprise resource planning system (ERP), the accounting information of the company under study is characterized by having a retrospective value, In light of the practices of the enterprise resource planning system (ERP), there is a characteristic of reliability in the accounting information of the company under study, Under the practices of the enterprise resource planning system (ERP), clear, understandable, transparent, and ambiguity-free accounting information is available, Based on the results of the study, the researcher made several recommendations, the most important of which are: Encouraging companies to practice the enterprise resource planning system as one of the modern technological innovations used in preparing financial reports because of the importance of this system in creating added value represented by providing appropriate information to decision makers, Work on holding seminars and workshops with the aim of educating decision makers and company employees about the importance of the enterprise resource planning system (ERP) and spreading the culture of continuous development and improvement.
Enterprise resource planning system (ERP)
Basic qualitative characteristics of accounting information
The degree of Job maturity practice of secondary principals and its Relation to conflict resolution methods from teacher’s point of view
This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing functional maturity and its relationship to conflict resolution methods among secondary school principals in the Directorate of Education of the Marka District. The researcher used the descriptive approach. A questionnaire was developed consisting of two parts. The first part consists of 24 statements containing three fields: work interest. Work readiness and human relationships. The second part consists of 17 statements distributed to a sample of 306 teachers from private schools in Marka Education Directorate. The study findings showed that the degree of career maturity in the high school principals in Marka Education Directorate was high for each individual field and for all fields together. And there isn’t any statical differences in terms of sex. Qualification or years of experience. The findings also showed that conflict solutions in high school principals were high and the findings showed that there are significant statistical differences in the years of experience variant in favor of those who have less than five years of experience.
المدارس الثانوية في مديرية التربية والتعليم للواء ماركا
The Role of Cohesion in Translation between Arabic and English with Reference to Surat An-Naba from the Noble Qur'an
Cohesion is one of the most important linguistic features of text development in Arabic and English. It connects, unifies ideas and leads to the full understanding of the whole text. The study tries to prove that cohesion as a crucial linguistic factor to be considered in the process of translation between the two languages. It also claims that the issue of cohesion is nearly similar in both languages, though, there are differences in minor details because of the difference in structure of the two. In order to achieve this aim, the study examines the five Hallidayan (1976) cohesive devices: (i) reference, (ii) substitution, (iii) ellipsis, (vi)conjunction and (v) lexical items. These cohesive devices techniques are identifies investigated and analyzed in one of the famous Surats from the Noble Qur'an which is Surat Al-Naba No. (78) and against its English translated version by Muhammad Al-Hilali and Muhammad Khan (1984). The two texts ST and TT both are analyzed in terms of cohesion and its devices and how they are used to overcome problems that may encounter translation. The study concludes that translators between the two languages should be fully aware of the issue of cohesion and the use of its cohesive devices in order to convey the intended meaning of the original.
The Role of Cohesion in Translation between Arabic and English with Reference to Surat An-Naba from the Noble Qur an
In these few pages, we outline some of the rights and provisions specific to the drowned and missing persons in Islamic jurisprudence, using the catastrophe of the city of Derna as a example . We begin with a study of the rulings of missing persons, their conditions, and the duration of waiting for the missing individual. We discuss the missing person's right to search and investigation as a societal solidarity responsibility, as well as the preservation and maintenance of their property. We also cover the inheritance rulings for a missing person from outsiders, the inheritance of their relatives, the rulings on inheritance between the drowned and the demolished, and others. Additionally, we address questions such as when the state of disappearance ends, and the ruling if the missing person appears alive after a death judgment has been issued, and its impact on their wealth and possessions, and so on. It's worth noting that Libyan law has not intervened to regulate the provisions of missing persons in detail, nor has it issued legislation to regulate inheritance, but rather has referred in several laws to benefit from the provisions of Islamic law if the judge does not find legislative text that can be applied to the case presented to him. This indicates the flexibility of our Sharia and the ability of our jurists to deal with all crises and developments, and to find appropriate legal provisions for them in different times, places, and circumstances.
The Extent to Which Presentation of the Financial Statements in Libyan Commercial Banks Harmonize with the Requirements of the International Accounting Standard No.1
The aim of this study is to determine the level of harmony of the presentation of the financial statements of Libyan commercial banks with the requirements of International Accounting Standard No. (1). To achieve this aim, the researcher followed the descriptive approach using content analysis, where the checklist was used to collect data from the financial reports of Libyan commercial banks. To determine the level of compatibility of these reports with the basic requirements of International Accounting Standard No. (1), descriptive statistical methods such as percentages and computational averages were used. The most important result reached by this study is that the financial reports of the Libyan commercial banks are in partial compatibility with the requirements of International Accounting Standard No. (1) in terms of the formal presentation of the basic financial statements and some of the clarifications attached to them without adhering to the content of the basic lists and the complementary clarifications of them according to the requirements of the standard. Based on these results, the study recommends raising the efficiency of commercial bank employees by providing training courses on how to apply international standards to prepare financial reports. The study also recommends the need to update paragraphs related to disclosure by the Libyan bank governor in line with international standards for preparing financial reports. This study was limited to finding out how the presentation of the financial statements of Libyan commercial banks harmony to the requirements of International Accounting Standard No. (1), using the descriptive approach and content analysis. Thus, using any other methodology or different method for collecting data may lead to different or additional results.
Requirements of International Accounting Standard No. (1)
التعويض الأساسي عن إصابات العمل في القانون الليبي والمقارن
With the advent of the industrial revolution, and in the face of the continuous increase in risks that suddenly afflict a person, rendering him unable to seek his livelihood, the social insurance system appeared to be an alternative for this worker if he lost the ability to work, in exchange for premiums paid in solidarity between the worker, the employer, and the state. Social insurance, then, is compulsory insurance guaranteed by the state to compensate workers for the dangers they encounter, whether in the ordinary dangers that encounter any ordinary person, or the dangers of work or profession, in exchange for contributions paid by workers and business owners, and the state contributes in addition to bearing the burdens